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Changes in Social Interaction Adolescent Male Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis) as they Shift from a Social to Solitary Lifestyle

Social interactions that result in preferential relationships between individuals have been observed in multiple species of mammals. Female mammals tend to stay in long-term associations with other females, while males rarely maintain such interactions once they reach sexual maturity. For example, adolescent male giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) form bachelor herds in the wild and shift to a solitary lifestyle when they reach adulthood. Males in bachelor herds engage in social interactions and display preference and avoidance behaviors toward one another, indicating

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The Brain of the Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis): Surface Configuration, Encephalization Quotient, and Analysis of the Existing Literature

The anatomy of the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758) has been poorly studied, except for the circulatory system. In particular, only a handful of studies have concerned the brain of this species since the first description in 1839. Accordingly, only a very few articles discussing encephalization mentioned the giraffe or used it in their calculations. In this article, we performed a thorough examination of the literature including old and grey, regarding the central nervous system of the giraffe. Furthermore, we

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Giraffe bed and breakfast: Camera traps reveal Tanzanian yellow-billed oxpeckers roosting on their large mammalian hosts

Oxpeckers are obligate mammal gleaners, feeding on ectoparasites and dead skin of large herbivores (Bezuidenhout & Stutterheim, 1980; Dean & MacDonald, 1981). There are two sympatric species in sub-Saharan Africa: the red-billed (Buphagus erythrorhynus) and yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africana). The red-billed species is smaller, with a scissor-like bill, while the yellow-billed species is larger, behaviourally dominant, and has a broad, flat beak (Attwell, 1966; Neweklowsky, 1974; Stutterheim, Bezuidenhout, & Elliott, 1988). These behavioural and morphological attributes are hypothesized to contribute

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Quantitative Macroscopic Anatomy of the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Digestive Tract

Quantitative data on digestive anatomy of the world’s largest ruminant, the giraffe, are scarce. Data were collected from a total of 25 wild-caught and 13 zoo-housed giraffes. Anatomical measures were quantified by dimension, area or weight and analysed by allometric regression. The majority of measures scaled positively and isometrically to body mass. Giraffes had lower tissue weight of all stomach compartments and longer large intestinal length than cattle. When compared to other ruminants, the giraffe digestive tract showed many of

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Exotic hoof stock Anesthesia and Analgesia: Best Practices

Veterinary care of non-domestic hoof stock has become more common practice through the integration of veterinary medicine in state and federal natural resource management programs, zoological collections, exotic animal ranching expansion, and hobby collections of exotics. Likewise, veterinarians are expected to have the knowledge and capability to safely anesthetize and handle these animals. Anesthesia of exotic hoof stock requires the knowledge of not only the pharmacology of the drugs used but also the variation in dose response among families, genera, species,

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Hematology and Serum Chemistry Profiles for Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis): Variations with Sex, Age, and Restraint

Hematology and serum chemistry profiles for giraffes are presented. Values for 39 blood samples, collected from 14 giraffes, were analyzed and evaluated for variations relating to differences in sex, age, and restraint mode. Sex-specific variations were found in WBC and neutrophil numbers, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Age-specific variations were found in hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, banded neutrophil and basophil numbers, and in calcium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine concentrations. Variations relating to differences in

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Fatal abomasal sand impaction in a giraffe calf (Giraffa camelopardalis) at the University of Ilorin zoological garden

A post-mortem examination was carried out on a 4-month-old giraffe which was reported dead early hours of the morning in the zoological garden, University of Ilorin. The carcass of the animal appeared slightly emaciated and on opening of the carcass the abomasum was distended with a hard mass felt inside the organ. On opening of the organ, it was filled with sand and weighing 3.8kg. Geophagia due to various factors were queried in the cause of the condition including seasonal

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Cutaneous Filariasis in Free-ranging Rothschild’s Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Uganda

Across Africa, wild giraffes suffer from a variety of skin disorders of mostly unknown etiology. With their populations already threatened from anthropogenic factors, it is important to understand infectious disease risks to giraffes. Here we describe filarid parasites and a portion of their genetic sequence associated with skin disease in Rothschild’s giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) in Uganda.

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