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Blood flow and pressure in the giraffe carotid artery

1. Carotid artery blood pressure and blood flow were measured and telemetered from wild giraffes ranging freely on the African plains. 2. The blood pressure ranged between 260/160 mm Hg when the animal was lying flat, and 120/75 mm Hg when it was standing upright; dp/dt at the onset of systole was 1500 mm/sec. 3. Peak systolic blood velocity measured at the same site was 60 cm/sec; during diastole velocity remained above 40 cm/sec. Calculated blood flow in the carotid

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Does gravitational pressure of blood hinder flow to the brain of the giraffe?

Vascular pressure consists of the sum of two pressures: (a) pressure developed by the pumping of the ventricles against the resistance of vessels, designated as viscous flow pressure, and (b) pressure caused by gravity, traditionally called hydrostatic, better described as gravitational pressure. In a conduit, both of these pressures must be overcome when a liquid is discharged to a higher level of gravitational potential energy. If a liquid is returned to its original level, gravity neither helps nor hinders flow

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Circulation of the Giraffe

The long neck of the giraffe presents a unique problem in the regulation of the systemic arterial blood pressure and in the maintenance of the cerebral circulation. In 1954, Goetz and Budtz-Olsen succeeded in measuring the arterial blood pressure in a standing, unanesthetized giraffe. In this animal, approximately 13 feet tall, the carotid artery mean pressure was found to be 200 mm. Hg at the base of the brain. The present study was undertaken 2 years later as a sequel

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