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The ruminantia (mammalia, cetartiodactyla) from the oligocene to the early miocene of Western Europe: systematics, plaeoecology and palaeobiogeography

Nowadays, the ruminants are the most ecologically diverse hoofed mammals of the world. All the extent of families (including related species from the Burdigalian) and feeding habits can be deduced from the mandible shape. The Tragulidae possess a small coronoid process, a shortened diastema, and a weak incisura vasorum. The Eupecora have an elongated diastema (extremely extended within the Giraffidae), the coronoid process is elongated. The Cervidae are generally more slender than the Bovidae. A trend from the massive mandible

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