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Carbohydrate in Pancreatic Ribonucleases

A survey of the presence and compositions of carbohydrate chains attached to pancreatic ribonucleases is given. Carbohydrate chains may occur at asparagine residues in Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequences at four exposed sites of the molecule (positions 21, 34, 62, and 76). These sites form part of highly variant sequences in pancreatic ribonucleases with the consequence that the enzymes from very closely related species may differ in the presence or absence of carbohydrate. In a number of ribonucleases Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequences occur which carry

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Reproduction in the giraffe in relation to some environmental factors

Environmental influences on reproduction in female giraffe were investigated by calculating conception dates for 123 calves and twenty foetal giraffe from the eastern Transvaal, South Africa. Of these, 60% occurred during the 4 months December to March. This period is the peak of the austral summer when plant leaf production is at a maximum, the preferred food species of the giraffe are abundant and the protein and energy content of these are high. Rainfall is also highest at this time.

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Food Selection by Transvaal lowveld giraffe as determined by analysis of stomach contents

Food selection by giraffe in the Transvaal lowveld was studied by identifying plant fragments from stomach contents over a 1 year period. Large fragments were randomly taken from the material while small fragments were taken from a 50 ml sample. Identifications were based on diagnostic keys and over 8000 fragments were classified. The validity of the samples was tested and found to be satisfactory. Giraffe were found to subsist mainly on leaves of trees and shrubs. Fruit, flowers and twigs

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Tactile encounters in a herd of captive giraffe

The behavior of the members of the herd of 18 giraffes at Taronga Zoo in Sydney, Australia, was studied for 5 months. The individuals were tolerant of each other, seldom fighting, not even over a receptive female. Sexually active males were the most active in initiating encounters. Calves showed little interest in the adult members of the herd. The 24-year-old male Ml, formerly the dominant male, seldom interacted with the other animals. Nosing and licking were the most common types

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"Necking" behaviour in the giraffe

Previous references to “necking” behaviour, and the main features of the study area are briefly outlined. “Necking” behaviour in giraffe takes place only in all male herds. When the animals are in a head to head posture the intensity is either high or low, but when animals take up a head to tail posture the actions are always of high intensity and appear to have greater sexual significance. The significance of “necking” is discussed, and it is suggested that these

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The giraffe of Nairobi National Park: Home range, sex ratio, the herd and food

The giraffe of Nairobi National Park, Kenya have been studied for one year. Each animal seen has been photographed from the left side and the pattern on the neck used to recognize each individual. While the pattern may become darker with age, it does not significantly change in detail even over many years. At present 65 adult male, 72 adult female and 30 immature giraffe can be recognized. Movements of individuals are described as well as associations with other individuals.

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The sex ratio of the giraffe

61.5 per cent of the 117 young giraffes born in captivity were males. A similar preponderance of males has been observed among adult giraffes in Transvaal and in Amboseli National Reserve, but not in Nairobi National Park where 60.7 per cent of the adults were females. The possible causes of such abnormal sex ratios are discussed. (Article is in French)

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The distribution of the giraffe in Africa

The range and numbers of giraffe have been decreasing in Africa with the expansion of civilization and with extensive poaching activities. Various articles have been published recently on the status of the large wild animals in different countries of Africa and the reports on the giraffe, together with data from correspondence with many of the African Game Departments are incorporated here to give a complete picture of the present distribution and abundance of the giraffe in Africa.

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