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Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania

Northern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies—Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques—to study land use and land cover

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IUCN/SSC Guidelines for Re-Introductions

These policy guidelines have been drafted by the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission (1), in response to the increasing occurrence of re-introduction projects worldwide, and consequently, to the growing need for specific policy guidelines to help ensure that the re-introductions achieve their intended conservation benefit, and do not cause adverse side-effects of greater impact. Although IUCN developed a Position Statement on the Translocation of Living Organisms in 1987, more detailed guidelines were felt to be essential

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Cannibalism and post-partum return to oestrus of a female Cape giraffe

Although an instance of meat-scavenging by giraffe in captivity has been recorded (Ogrizek, 1954), such behaviour has never been witnessed in the wild. Two reports pertaining to carcass-chewing by free-living giraffe actually involved the partially-digested stomach contents and skeletal parts of eland remains (Nesbit Evans, 1970), or specifically referred to the bones, hooves and drying skin of a 5-day old Grant’s gazelle skeleton (Western, 1971). The latter observations, should therefore, be categorized as osteophagia, a phenomenon which has been documented

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Giraffe head soft tissue in comparison with bovine and equine

It is well known that giraffes are the tallest living terrestrial animals and the largest ruminants. They are quite strange animals because of their body and the way they move. For veterinarians it is an obligation to know everything about different species of animals. Giraffes are animals that peak our interest as they are not known very extensively and deeply. The purpose of this study is to understand better the soft tissue composition of giraffe’s head and to compare its

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An Evolutionary History of Browsing and Grazing Ungulates

Browsing (i.e., eating woody and non-woody dicotyledonous plants) and grazing (i.e., eating grass) are distinctively different types of feeding behaviour among ungulates today. Ungulates with different diets have different morphologies (both craniodental ones and in aspects of the digestive system) and physiologies, although some of these differences are merely related to body size, as grazers are usually larger than browsers. There is also a difference in the foraging behaviour in terms of the relationship between resource abundance and intake rate,

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Experiences with and the Challenges of Wildlife Health Management in the National Parks of Tanzania

Tanzania occupies approximately 945,200km2 of the eastern African region. Its protected area network covers about 28% of the total land area. Of this, 12 national parks (NPs) represent 4%, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area represents 1%, 15% comprises 31 game reserves (GRs), and 8% comprises 38 game-controlled areas. This means at least 19% of the land (NPs and GRs) is managed primarily for wildlife protection where no human settlement is allowed, and 9% of the land is intended to enable wildlife

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Activity time budget and foraging pattern of Rothschild’s giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis rothschildi) in Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya.

Animal behavioral studies are essential to efficiently manage them and their preferred habitats for the mutual benefit of both. However, very few studies have been conducted on Rothschild’s giraffes’ ethology in Africa, and especially in Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess the seasonal diurnal activity time budget and foraging patterns of free-ranging Rothschild’s giraffes in Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP), Kenya. The species is under the IUCN Red List, due to a variety of threats and the

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The use of archaeological and ethnographical information to supplement the historical record of the distribution of large mammalian herbivores in South Africa

The introduction of animal taxa to areas where they do not naturally occur has the potential to damage severely the native fauna and flora. Introductions, both accidental and intentional, to Australia, New Zealand, Marion Island and other oceanic islands provide spectacular examples of this. Non-native mammalian herbivores often become invasive in the absence of their natural predators and their impact on vegetation, which may include alterations to plant species composition, structure and diversity, is exaggerated, especially if the vegetation has

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